2023 is the year of the first global Global Stocktake of the Paris Agreement. With the threat of overshooting the 1.5°C limit looming ever larger, all countries need to raise their ambition to curb their emissions effectively, to a degree that is fair to their development status. But ambitious targets are not sufficient on their own. Policies need to be implemented to keep the 2023 targets within reach.

Climate Transparency’s new Climate Policy Implementation Check has been designed to assess and rate the implementation status of policy instruments along four categories: legal status, institutions and governance, resourcing, and oversight.

Funded by the European Union (EU) through the EU Climate Dialogues Project, this report pilots the Implementation Check by assessing specific policy instruments for transport sector decarbonisation in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico and the EU (see results table below).

The synthesis condenses the findings from the five country chapters. It presents learnings for policy design and the importance of implementation for the international process following 2023’s Global Stocktake.